Footwear including sole assembly

ABSTRACT

An article of footwear includes an upper and a sole assembly. The sole assembly includes a unitary, open-celled structure. Specifically, the sole assembly includes a lattice structure having an interconnected network of struts and nodes that cooperate to define voids. The struts and nodes are configured to generate predetermined support and flexure properties within the network. The lattice may be configured as a conformal lattice, being contoured to receive accessories or complementary support structures. The sole assembly may further include an insert formed of compression material (e.g., foam). In operation, the lattice and foam insert cooperate to provide stability and cushioning to the article of footwear.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. Non-provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 16/027,588, which was filed on Jul. 5, 2018, andwhich claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Non-provisional patentapplication Ser. No. 15/149,661, which was filed on May 9, 2016, andwhich claims priority to and the benefit of U.S. Provisional PatentApplication No. 62/158,950, filed 8 May 2015 and entitled “Footwear withLattice Midsole and Compression Insert.” U.S. patent application Ser.No. 15/149,661 further claims priority to and the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/294,043, filed 11 Feb. 2016 andentitled “Footwear with Open Cell Support Structure.” The disclosure ofeach of the aforementioned applications is incorporated herein byreference in its entirety.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

This present invention is directed toward footwear including soles withcellular and/or lattice structures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Athletic shoes are often designed to meet the specific needs ofparticular sports and athletic activities. For example, running requiresforward motion and stride efficiency. Power lifting, in contrast,requires low-compression stability. It would be desirable to provide anarticle of footwear capable of use in multiple athletic tasks (e.g.,running and lifting).

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An article of footwear includes an upper and a sole assembly. The soleassembly includes a unitary, open-celled structure. Specifically, thesole assembly includes a lattice structure having an interconnectednetwork of struts and nodes that cooperate to define voids. The strutsand nodes are configured to generate predetermined support and flexureproperties within the network. The lattice may be configured as aconformal lattice, being contoured to receive accessories orcomplementary support structures. The sole assembly may further includean insert formed of compression material (e.g., foam). In operation, thelattice and foam insert cooperate to provide stability and cushioning tothe article of footwear.

The above described features and advantages, as well as others, willbecome more readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art byreference to the following detailed description and accompanyingdrawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a side view of an article of footwear in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 1B is a rear perspective view of the article of footwear of FIG. 1.

FIG. 1C is a top plan view of the article of footwear of FIG. 1.

FIG. 1D is a front view in elevation of the article of footwear of FIG.1.

FIG. 1E is a rear view in elevation of the article of footwear of FIG.1.

FIG. 1F is a bottom plan view of the article of footwear of FIG. 1.

FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a sole assembly in accordance with anembodiment of the present invention, with the sole assembly shown inisolation.

FIG. 2B is a side view in elevation of the sole assembly of FIG. 2A,showing sole assembly lateral side.

FIG. 2C is a side view in elevation of the sole assembly of FIG. 2A,showing sole assembly medial side.

FIG. 2D is a rear view in elevation of the sole assembly of FIG. 2A.

FIG. 2E is a top plan view of the sole assembly of FIG. 2A

FIG. 3A is a front perspective view of the lattice structure of thearticle of footwear of FIG. 1, the structure shown in isolation.

FIG. 3B is a rear perspective view of the lattice structure of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3C is a front perspective view of a lattice structure of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3D is a rear view in elevation of the lattice structure of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3E is a side view of the lattice structure of FIG. 3A, showing themedial side.

FIG. 3F is a side view of the lattice structure of FIG. 3A, showing thelateral side.

FIG. 3G is a bottom view of a lattice structure of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 3H is a bottom, rear perspective view of the lattice structure ofFIG. 3A.

FIG. 3I is a top view of the lattice structure of FIG. 3A.

FIG. 4A is an exploded view of the sole assembly shown in FIG. 2A.

FIG. 4B is a perspective view of a heel component of the sole assemblyshown in FIG. 4A.

FIG. 5 is a side view in elevation of an article of footwear inaccordance with an embodiment of the invention.

Like reference numerals have been used to identify like elementsthroughout this disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Referring to FIGS. 1A-1F, the article of footwear 10 is an athletic shoe(e.g., a cross-training shoe) including an upper 100 coupled to a soleassembly 105 (e.g., connected via an adhesive, stitching, etc.). Thearticle of footwear 10 defines a forefoot region 110A, a midfoot region110B, and a hindfoot region 110C, as well as a medial side 115A and alateral side 115B. The forefoot region 110A generally aligns with (ispositioned proximate to) the ball and toes of the foot, the midfootregion 110B generally aligns with the arch and instep areas of the foot,and the hindfoot region 110C generally aligns with the heel and ankleareas of the foot. Additionally, the medial side 115A is oriented alongthe medial (big toe) side of the foot, while the lateral side 115B isoriented along the lateral (little toe) side of the foot.

The upper 100 includes a plurality of sections that cooperate to definea foot cavity. Specifically, a heel section 120 includes heel cupconfigured to align with and cover the calcaneus area of a human foot. Alateral quarter section 125, disposed forward the heel section 120, isoriented on the lateral shoe side 115B. Similarly, a medial quartersection 130, disposed forward the heel section 120, is oriented on themedial shoe side 115A. A vamp section 135 is disposed forward thequarter sections 125, 130 (e.g., forward the tongue slot) and a toe cagesection 140 is disposed forward the vamp section. The upper 100 mayfurther include tongue 145 disposed within tongue slot 150 configured toalign with and span the instep area of the foot.

With this configuration, the heel 120, lateral quarter 125, medialquarter 130, vamp 135, toe cage 140, and tongue 145 cooperate with thesole assembly 105 to define a foot cavity into which a human foot isinserted by way of an access opening 155 bounded by a collar 157. Thefoot may be secured within the cavity utilizing a fastening device 160such as a lacing system, a cable system, a hook and loop fastener, etc.

Referring to FIGS. 2A-2E, the sole assembly 105 includes midsole 200 andan outsole 205. The midsole 200 includes one or more structures operableto support the user and to adapt to load conditions during use. In anembodiment, the midsole 200 includes a non-stochastic support structure210. In a further embodiment, the midsole is a hybrid system including anon-stochastic support structure and a stochastic support structure 215.A non-stochastic structure includes a plurality of cells arranged in anordered, repeating manner. The cells of stochastic structures, incontrast, are not ordered, including cells with random variations inlocation, shape and size. Stated another way, the non-stochastic supportstructure 210, is a periodic cellular solid with ordered cells, whilethe stochastic support structure 215 is a material including cellsarranged randomly (in size, shape, and/or location). By way of example,the non-stochastic support structure 210 is a lattice structure (e.g., amicrolattice), while stochastic support structure 215 is foam.

Referring to FIGS. 3A-3I, the lattice (non-stochastic) structure 210possesses a unitary (monolithic or unibody) construction with a latticetopology defined by a plurality of interconnected cells 300. Each cell300 includes a node 305 from which a beam or strut 310 extends,generally from one node to another node (or from node to plate or plateto plate, described in more detail, below). The nodes 305 are disposedat selected locations throughout the lattice 305. By way of example, thenodes 305 are arranged in an array, with the nodes generally organizedinto columns and/or rows. The nodes 305 of adjacent rows/columns may bealigned or may be offset relative to each other. In general, nodes 305are locations at which multiple beams intersect.

The struts 310 are structural members configured to flex or compress ina predetermined direction under load or to resist flexure when apredetermined directional load is applied. The strut 310 may possess anyprofile suitable for its described purpose. Each strut 310 is generallynon-linear. By way of example, a strut 310 may be generally arcuate,curving inboard, outboard, rearward, and/or forward as the strut travelsdistally from the node. By way of further example, a strut 310 maydefine a simple curve, a compound curve, and/or combinations thereof. Inan embodiment, the strut curves outward (toward the perimeter of thestructure 210) and/or inward (toward the center of the structure 210) asit extends from node to node. The dimensions (length and diameter) maybe any suitable for its described purpose. In and embodiment, thelattice structure 210 includes a plurality of full-length struts and aplurality of truncated length struts.

The cross section of each strut 310 may be any cross section suitablefor its described purpose (to resiliently support a load). As is shownin the inset of FIG. 3B, in the illustrated embodiment, each strut 310possesses a generally circular cross section. It should be understood,however, that other cross sections (e.g., polygonal, elliptical, etc.)may be utilized. Each strut 310, moreover, may be solid or hollowstructure. In the embodiment shown in the inset of FIG. 3B, the strutincludes an internal cavity or channel housing (e.g., filled with) withparticles. As explained in greater detail below, the strut 310 may beformed via an additive manufacturing process in which a batch ofparticulate material is sintered such that adjacent particles are fused(via, e.g., laser), becoming molten then solidifying into a unitarystructure. In operation, a computer aided design forms the template forthe fusion pattern of the particulate material. The template specifiesthe locations at which the particulate material is fused. Thus, thetemplate may specify fusion of the entire strut 310 across its lengthand diameter, forming a solid strut. Alternatively, the template canspecify fusion of only the outline (outer wall) of the strut along itslength, thereby forming a hollow or channeled strut with unfusedparticulate captured therein (e.g., microparticles having an particlesize of approximately 20 μm to approximately 100 μm (e.g., 15-110 μm)).The same processes may be utilized to form the nodes 305. Accordingly,the lattice structure 210 may be entirely formed of hollow structuralmembers (nodes, struts, and panels, which may be at least partiallyfilled with microparticles 311, as is shown in the inset of FIG. 3B), beentirely formed of solid structural members, or be formed of both hollowand solid structural members. In an embodiment, all the structuralmembers are solid.

Additional information on non-solid structural elements is described inU.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/148,578, filed 6 May 2016 andentitled Midsole Lattice Structure with Hollow Tubes for Footwear,” thedisclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirely.

As noted above, a node 305 and one or more struts 310 form a cell 300.In an embodiment, a plurality of struts 310 are oriented in spacedrelation about node 305. Accordingly, adjacent struts 310 on a node 305are angularly spaced from each other about the node perimeter. A node305 may include any number of struts suitable for its described purpose.By way of example, a cell 300 may include two, three, or four struts310. The struts 310, furthermore, may extend from the node at anypredetermined node location.

A plurality of adjacent and/or interconnected cells 300 cooperates todefine a pore or void 320 within the lattice structure 210. The voids320 may be full voids (possessing a generally circular shape) ortruncated voids (possessing a generally semicircular shape). Thediameter of full voids 320 may be generally consistent throughout thelattice structure 210. Referring to FIG. 3H, a void 320 is defined by aplurality of nodes 305A-305F interconnected by a plurality of non-linear(e.g., generally arcuate) struts 310A-310F. As shown, the void 320 isgenerally circular. Stated another way, an annular supercell may includea plurality of angularly spaced nodes 305A-305F interconnected by aplurality of non-linear struts 310A-310F (with adjacent nodes beingconnected via an arcuate strut).

Referring to FIG. 3I, the lattice structure 210 includes a firstplurality of rows 325A and a second plurality of rows 325B spanning thestructure. The first plurality of rows 325A is oriented at an anglerelative to the second plurality of rows 325B (indicated by arrows R1and R2). Specifically, the first plurality of rows 325A is generallyorthogonal to the second plurality of rows 325B. Each row 325A, 325B,moreover, is oriented at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis A ofthe lattice structure 210. By way of example, each row 325A, 325B isoriented approximately 45° with respect to the structure axis A. Thisconfiguration positions the nodes 305, struts 310, and/or voids 320 atpredetermined (regular) locations to define a regular repeating patternof cells.

In addition, the lattice structure 210 may be organized such that cells300 selectively intersect the voids 320, with the nodes 305 and/or strut310 of one cell passing through a void 320 of another cell.

The dimensions of the nodes 305, struts 310, and/or voids 320 may be anysuitable for the described purpose of the relevant component. By way ofexample, the nodes 305 may possess a diameter of approximately 5 mm toapproximately 10 mm (e.g., 7 mm); the struts 310 possess a diameter ofapproximately 2 mm to approximately 5 mm (e.g., 3 mm); and the voids 320possess a diameter of approximately 10 mm to approximately 15 mm (e.g.,12 mm).

The lattice structure 210 may further include a first plate or panel330A disposed on the upper side of the lattice structure 210 and asecond plate or panel 330B is disposed along the lower side of thelattice structure. Each plate 330A, 330B, formed integrally with thelattice structure, is generally planar. With this configuration, thelattice structure 210 cooperates with the plates 330A, 330B to form atruss. The top plate may only span the outer perimeter of the latticestructure 210. In contrast, the bottom plate spans the entire latticestructure 210.

The upper plate 330A, spanning the outer wall of the lattice structure210, forms a flange operable to engage a corresponding flange on theheel counter and/or the stochastic structure 215 (discussed in greaterdetail, below). Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, the sole assembly 105further includes a heel support 400 disposed between the non-stochasticstructure and the stochastic structure that includes a heel counter 405and a frame 410 with a medial arm or flange 415, a lateral arm or flange420, and a forward flange or header 425 extending from the medial arm tothe lateral arm. The heel counter and arms 410, 415, 420, 425 cooperateto define a window 430. The medial arm 415 and the lateral arm 420 arecontoured to engage the medial and lateral sides of the upper plate330A. The forward flange 425 similarly engages the top surface of thebottom plate 330B at forward edge 345.

The material forming the lattice structure 210 should be resilient topermit the absorption of forces and/or the production of return energy.That is, the material should possess proper compression strength andmodulus (in x and z directions). In an embodiment, an elastomer such asthermoplastic polyurethane is utilized. Preferred materials are thosesuitable for additive manufacturing processes. Additive manufacturingfabricates objects directly from 3D model data by adding material layerupon layer. Examples include stereolithography, selective lasersintering, fused deposition modeling. By way of example, thermoplasticpolyurethanes possessing hardness (ISO 868, 23° C./50% relativehumidity) of approximately 85-95 Shore A may be utilized to form thelattice structure 210 (e.g., LUVOSINT®, Lehmann & Voss & Co., Germany).

The performance (mechanical) properties of the lattice structure 210 maybe customized by controlling the cell location, strut dimensions (strutlength and diameter (thickness)), strut angle (from the node), as wellas the position and nature of the voids within the structure. That is,strut placement may encourage or discourage flexure, controlling themovement properties of the lattice structure 210 under load. Statedanother way, by controlling the topology of the cellular solid, it ispossible to control the micromechanical performance of the latticestructure 210 under load. Accordingly, portions of the lattice structure210 may be configured to experience bending under load, while otherportions may be configured to experience compression under load.Specifically, the struts may experience both bending and compressiondepending on the nature (direction) of the force applied. This isadvantageous in footwear in which load conditions change during use (asthe user changes activity from forward running, to stopping, to movingto the left and right).

The lattice structure 210 may traverse only a portion of the article offootwear. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3A-3I, the latticestructure 210 is a rearfoot support spanning approximately half of theshoe length, extending from the heel region 110C to the midfoot region110B. Accordingly, the rearfoot support begins proximate the heel,extending forward and terminating proximate the arch of the foot. Asshown, the rearfoot support tapers downward as it travels forward fromits rear edge 335 such that height of each of the medial side 340A andthe lateral side 340B flattens, terminating at forward edge 345.

Alternatively, the lattice structure 210 may traverse the fulldimensions (length and width) of the article of footwear 10. Referringto FIG. 5, the lattice structure 210 extends from the forefoot section110A, through the midfoot section 110B, and to the rearfoot section110C. Additional information on full-length lattice structures isdescribed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/148,549, filed 6 May2016 and entitled “Footwear with Lattice Midsole and CompressionInsert,” the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference inits entirety.

The lattice structure 210, furthermore, may be a conformal latticestructure, possessing a contoured topology operable to mate with orreceive another object. That is, the lattice structure 210 is contouredto another surface and/or contoured to receive another structure,conforming to the natural geometry surface and aligning with the loadplane to exhibit predictable performance behavior. This, in turn,provides for the reinforcement of contoured shapes that is orientedperpendicular to the surface thereby optimizing vibration dampening,noise attenuation, and impact absorption. In addition the latticestructure 210 may be adapted to receive an element housed in the soleassembly such as an electronic sensor (e.g., a housing including asensor adapted to track the user's movements).

In an embodiment, the lattice structure 210 is contoured to receive thefoam structure 215. By way of example, it may possess a generallycurving top surface to accommodate the curving surface of the foamstructure 215. In this manner, the lattice structure 210 includes acavity 270 operable to receive and support the stochastic structure 215.

The stochastic structure 215 is a stochastic cellular solid such asopened-cell foam or closed-cell foam. Referring to FIG. 1B, the foamsupport 215 is positioned between the upper and the lattice structure110. The foam support 215 spans the length of the upper, extending fromthe hindfoot region 130C, through the midfoot region 130B, and to theforefoot region 130A. The foam support 215 may be formed of one metalfoams and polymer foams. Metal foams include aluminum foams and nickelfoams. Polymer foams include ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), as well as anEVA blended with one or more of an EVA modifier, a polyolefin blockcopolymer, and a triblock copolymer, and a polyether block amide.

With the above described configuration, an article of footwear isprovided that, while lightweight, exhibits stability or cushioning underdiffering load conditions caused by changes in user behavior (running,weight lifting, etc.). The foot varies in shape and structure betweendifferent users, generating different amounts of pressure in differentregions during different stages of a gait cycle. The different zones ofthe sole assembly 105 accommodates for these variances by providing adynamic truss structure (the non-stochastic structure 215) under heel,transitioning to a compression material (the stochastic structure 210)under the toes.

While the invention has been described in detail and with reference tospecific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in theart that various changes and modifications can be made therein withoutdeparting from the spirit and scope thereof. For example, while most ofthe example embodiments depicted in the figures show an article offootwear (shoe) configured for a right foot, it is noted that the sameor similar features can also be provided for an article of footwear(shoe) configured for a left foot (where such features of the leftfooted shoe are reflection or “mirror image” symmetrical in relation tothe right footed shoe).

It is to be understood that terms such as “top”, “bottom”, “front”,“rear”, “side”, “height”, “length”, “width”, “upper”, “lower”,“interior”, “exterior”, “inner”, “outer”, and the like as may be usedherein, merely describe points of reference and do not limit the presentinvention to any particular orientation or configuration.

Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers the modificationsand variations of this invention provided they come within the scope ofthe appended claims and their equivalents.

What is claimed is:
 1. An article of footwear defining a forefootregion, a hindfoot region, and a midfoot region disposed between theforefoot region and the hindfoot region, the article of footwearcomprising: an upper including a foot cavity; a sole assembly orientedbelow the upper, the sole assembly comprising: a non-stochastic supportstructure including: a plurality of cells arranged in an ordered,repeating manner, wherein the plurality of cells are defined, at leastin part, by a plurality of struts that interconnect to form a pluralityof nodes disposed between and spaced apart from a top and a bottom ofthe non-stochastic support structure, the plurality of nodes includingnodes that are each disposed at a junction of three or more struts fromthe plurality of struts, wherein a first strut of the three or morestruts extends along a first plane and a second strut of the three ormore struts extends along a second plane that is not coplanar with thefirst plane; and a flange that extends inwards, from an edge of thenon-stochastic support structure, over a portion of a top surface of thenon-stochastic support structure; and a stochastic support structureincluding cells with random variations in location, shape, and size,wherein the non-stochastic support structure is operable to support thestochastic support structure and wherein the stochastic supportstructure is positioned above the non-stochastic support structure. 2.The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the plurality ofstruts include a plurality of non-linear struts.
 3. The article offootwear according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of non-linearstruts are arcuate struts configured to flex or compress in apredetermined direction when a load is applied to the sole assembly. 4.The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the plurality ofnodes are arranged in an array that organizes the plurality of nodesinto one or more columns and one or more rows.
 5. The article offootwear according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of struts arehollow and partially filled with microparticles.
 6. The article offootwear according to claim 1, wherein any struts from the plurality ofstruts included on a particular node of the plurality of nodes areangularly spaced around a perimeter of the particular node.
 7. Thearticle of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of nodesand the plurality of struts form a plurality of voids, including one ormore full voids and one or more truncated voids.
 8. The article offootwear according to claim 1, wherein the sole assembly furthercomprises an outsole coupled to the non-stochastic support structure. 9.The article of footwear according to claim 1, wherein the stochasticsupport structure is a foam member.
 10. The article of footwearaccording to claim 1, wherein the sole assembly spans the upper.
 11. Anarticle of footwear defining a forefoot region, a hindfoot region, and amidfoot region disposed between the forefoot region and the hindfootregion, the article of footwear comprising: an upper including a footcavity; a sole assembly oriented below the upper, the sole assemblycomprising: a non-stochastic support structure including: a plurality ofcells arranged in an ordered, repeating manner, wherein the plurality ofcells are defined, at least in part, by a plurality of struts thatinterconnect to form a plurality of nodes disposed between and spacedapart from a top and a bottom of the non-stochastic support structure,the plurality of nodes including nodes that are each disposed at ajunction of three or more struts from the plurality of struts, whereinthe nodes disposed at the junction of the three or more struts have athickness that protrudes beyond a radial periphery of at least one ofthe three or more struts; and a flange that extends inwards, from anedge of the non-stochastic support structure, over a portion of a topsurface of the non-stochastic support structure; and a stochasticsupport structure including cells with random variations in location,shape, and size, wherein the non-stochastic support structure isoperable to support the stochastic support structure, and wherein thestochastic support structure is positioned above the non-stochasticsupport structure.
 12. The article of footwear according to claim 11,wherein the plurality of struts include a plurality of non-linearstruts.
 13. The article of footwear according to claim 12, wherein theplurality of non-linear struts are arcuate struts configured to flex orcompress in a predetermined direction when a load is applied to the soleassembly.
 14. The article of footwear according to claim 11, wherein theplurality of nodes are arranged in an array that organizes the pluralityof nodes into one or more columns and one or more rows.
 15. The articleof footwear according to claim 11, wherein the plurality of struts arehollow and partially filled with microparticles.
 16. The article offootwear according to claim 11, wherein any struts from the plurality ofstruts included on a particular node of the plurality of nodes areangularly spaced around a perimeter of the particular node.
 17. Thearticle of footwear according to claim 11, wherein the plurality ofnodes and the plurality of struts form a plurality of voids, includingone or more full voids and one or more truncated voids.
 18. The articleof footwear according to claim 11, wherein the sole assembly furthercomprises an outsole coupled to the non-stochastic support structure.19. The article of footwear according to claim 11, wherein thestochastic support structure is a foam member.
 20. The article offootwear according to claim 11, wherein the sole assembly spans theupper.